Święto Konstytucji (Constitution Day) is celebrated on May 3rd each year in Poland, marking one of the most groundbreaking moments in European democratic history. On May 3, 1791, Poland adopted Europe’s first modern democratic constitution—a revolutionary document that preceded the French Constitution and established principles of democratic governance, separation of powers, and human rights. This constitution represented Poland’s attempt to reform and strengthen the nation during a critical period when powerful neighboring states threatened Polish independence, demonstrating the Polish Enlightenment’s commitment to progressive political ideals.
The 1791 Constitution, known as the May Constitution (Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja), abolished the liberum veto system that had paralyzed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s government and introduced democratic principles revolutionary for their time. Though implemented only briefly before Poland’s final partition in 1795, the constitution symbolized Polish intellectual achievement and commitment to democratic values. Throughout Polish history—even during periods of foreign occupation and communist rule—the May Constitution remained a powerful symbol of Polish national identity, aspiration for democracy, and resistance to authoritarianism.
In Poland today, Święto Konstytucji features official ceremonies, educational programs in schools and universities, cultural events, and public discussions about democratic governance and Poland’s constitutional heritage. For the Bay Area Polish community and Polish diaspora worldwide, May 3rd celebrations connect community members to Poland’s profound democratic tradition and intellectual contributions to European civilization. These observances emphasize that Poland’s commitment to democracy and rule of law extends back centuries, reinforcing community pride in Polish cultural and political heritage.
Święto Konstytucji ultimately represents Poland’s enduring democratic aspirations and the nation’s historical role in advancing human freedom and democratic principles.